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+Since this has been needed from time to time, and we finally had K9DC and Doug as well as myself KF7QLH compile a list of instructions for 3 different platforms, I thought I would put them into one "easy to search for" message.
+This is how you make a BACKUP OF YOUR PiRLP node. Yes, A BACKUP. It is required. Just like cars, they need gas AND OIL. You need a running version of your SD card, and a BACKUP!!!!
+ ***Linux***
+ -Show the SD Card-
+ # dmesg
+ [690179.497173] sdb: sdb1 sdb2
+ [690180.134547] EXT4-fs (sdb2): recovery complete
+ [690180.134555] EXT4-fs (sdb2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
+ -Un-Mount The Card (both partitions)-
+ # umount /dev/sdb1
+ # umount /dev/sdb2
+ -Make an IMAGE backup of the entire card-
+ # dd if=/dev/sdb of=/home/user/Backups/pirlp.img bs=1M
+This will take a while, because it's not just copying the files, it's actually taking an image of the entire SD card, which is 4 gigs of data... So be patient.
+Then, to reverse the operation to copy the image back onto your SD card...
+ # umount /dev/sdb1
+ # umount /dev/sdb2
+ # dd if=/home/user/Backups/pirlp.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M
+Be VERY VERY VERY careful you use the right command when doing a "dd" command, as you can easily over-write anything that is on the card, or over-write the .img file.
+ If= The "READ"
+ Of=The "WRITE"
+ ----
+ ***Windows***
+ Using a windows system and card reader this is even easier -
+ Shutdown the Pi system - 'shutdown -h now' or however you do it.
+ Take the card out of the Pi and insert it in the windows system reader/writer
+ Read the card and save the image. I use 'win32diskimager'.
+ The image is then stored on the hard drive of the windows system. To copy it off
+ to another SD card just insert the card, select the image to write and write it.
+ No formating, partitioning etc. is needed. The card can be in any state,. It is
+ totally overwritten. An image is an exact copy of what as on the original card.
+ However it was setup including all system settings is the way the new card will be.
+ Also if you need to create a new install or reinstall from scratch you need to
+ download the OS - Raspbien from the Raspbien download site. Make a few
+ config settings, download the install IRLP script and execute it. This is a
+ simplified description but it is not much more complicated. There is a paper
+ on how to do this.
+ The downside of doing your own install is that you have to download and install
+ the extra stuff yourself - like the echo bridge and other scripts.
+ Once you have a Pi system setup though you can clone it and hopefully never have
+ to do all that again.
+ ----
+ ***Macintosh***
+It is also very easy on a Macintosh. Basically the same procedure as making a copy on Linux, although the commands, device names and directory structures are different. You will need to use the terminal program in the Applications/Utilities folder. You also will need to become root, or precede all the commands below with a `sudo' (the root account is disabled by default on Macs, but it can be activated)
+Insert the SD card into the memory slot (all recent Macs have an SD slot).
+ To determine what the SD card is called, use the command below...
+ [If you only have a single drive in your Mac, it will probably be disk1.
+ If the SD card is something else, use that number in all the examples below]
+ diskutil list
+ dave@DGingrich-MBPr:~$ diskutil list
+ /dev/disk0
+ #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
+: GUID_partition_scheme *751.3 GB disk0
+: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1
+: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD 749.1 GB disk0s2
+: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 1.8 GB disk0s3
+ /dev/disk1
+ #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
+: FDisk_partition_scheme *4.0 GB disk1
+: Windows_FAT_32 58.7 MB disk1s1
+: Linux 3.8 GB disk1s2
+Obviously, the SD card is called "disk1" on my Macintosh.
+The partitions must be unmounted. Use the command...
+ diskutil unmountDisk disk1
+ To make a copy of the SD card to your local drive...
+ [replace <user_dir> with whatever your home directory is called, usually your short user name]
+ dd if=/dev/disk1 of=/Users/<user_dir>/pirlp.img
+Replace the SD card with a new one. The command to copy the file to a new SD...
+ diskutil unmountDisk disk1
+ dd if=/Users/<user_dir>/pirlp.img of=/dev/disk1
+As with Linux, it can take some time for the copy to complete, like 60-80 minutes. The speed is on the order of 1 MB/sec. You do the math.
+Pop the backup SD in your Pi, and power it up. Plus, you now also have a copy in your Mac home directory should you need it again.